A child with an unusual complication of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Hemorrhagic pleural effusion.

borne disease caused by Nairovirus group of the Bunyaviridae family. Infection is transmitted to humans by Hyalomma ticks or by direct contact with the blood or tissues of infected humans or viraemic livestock1. CCHF virus has a wide geographic distribution, circulating in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Central and SouthEastern Europe2. CCHF first emerged in Turkey in 2002, and the prevalence of the disease has been found to be increased3. Central Anatolia Region is endemic for the disease where sporadic cases or even outbreaks are being observed every year4–5. Clinical features usually include a rapid progression characterised by fever, malaise, nausea, vomitting, abdominal pain, myalgia, petechia and ecchymosis6, with a mortality rate of up to 30%7. Diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, acute appendicitis and acute renal failure have also been reported8–10. We report here a child with serohemorrhagic pleural effusion, an unusual complication of CCHF.